If my mother signed a quitclaim deed to me and she has an equity mortgage on the property, should the the bank forecloses, can it take my house?

The fact that your mother quitclaimed the house to you does not have any impact on the equity mortgage.  The mortgage remains valid and retains its prioity.  Therefore, if the loan secured by the mortgage is in default, the bank can foreclose on the property and this could result in your loss of title to the property.