can health insurance companies charge several deductibles

There's no way to say if this is proper or not without looking at the written description of your insurance coverage.  You need to read what you have been given very closely, and if that still doesn't resolve this question, you need to take your paperwork to a lawyer or someone else who is familiar with how health insurance coverage descriptions work.

Insurance companies make mistakes about coverage all the time.  I once had a family member's claim for an emergency appendectomy rejected as being for a "pre-existing condition."  Things certainly have not gotten better in the 20+ years since then.